Assessment of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment for Implant Osseointegration

Table 1

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra for titanium (Ti) and calcium phosphate (CaP), both untreated and atmospheric pressure plasma- (APP-) treated. Mean (SD) values are provided.

Chemical element (%)	Ti surface		CaP surface
	Untreated	APP-treated	Untreated	APP-treated
Al2p	1.5 (0.5)	**	**	**
C1s	45.0 (5.1)	38.0 (4.7)	38.0 (4.2)	22.0 (4.5)
N1s	0.1 (0.2)	—	—	—
Ca2p	—	—	11.0 (2.5)	12.0 (2.3)
O1s	37.6 (3.6)	43.0 (4.3)	42.0 (5.2)	48.0 (3.1)
P2p	—	—	7.0 (1.3)	10.0 (2.4)
Ti2p	14.0 (4.7)	19.0 (3.9)	**	**
V2p3	**	**	**	**

Al: aluminum; C: carbon; N: nitrogen; Ca: calcium; O: oxygen; P: phosphate; V: vanadium.
Only trace amounts were present.