Sex Differences in Immunology: More Severe Development of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension in Male Rats Exposed to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockade

Figure 4

Morphometry of the pulmonary arteries and of the right ventricle at 4 weeks. (a) Pulmonary artery muscularization, defined by medial thickening over 10% of the cross-sectional diameter, was remarkable in male rats, while females did not develop significant medial hypertrophy in response to semaxanib injection (black arrows show the medial layer). (b) Similarly, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was lower among females exposed to experimental PAH. Scale bars represent 50 μm. Abbreviations are in the text. § and # explain , respectively, compared to SU_F, RNU_M, and RNU_F (one-way ANOVA).

(a)

(b)