Designation of a Novel DKK1 Multiepitope DNA Vaccine and Inhibition of Bone Loss in Collagen-Induced Arthritic Mice

Figure 3

Expression and immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine. (a–c) Expression of the multiepitope protein in vitro and in vivo were determined in cell culture supernatants by ELISA, cell lysates by Western blotting, and the muscles of mice by immunohistochemical analysis. (d-e) The DNA vaccine induced a specific IgG antibody against human DKK1. The titer and the end-point titer of the specific antibody were tested by ELISA. Bars indicate 100 μm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, , .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)