Rare Diseases Leading to Childhood Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Pathophysiogenesis, and Management

Table 1

Classification of childhood glaucoma.

Primary congenital glaucoma (trabeculodysgenesis)
Secondary childhood glaucoma
Mesodermal dysgeneses of neural crest	Iridocorneal trabeculodysgenesis; (i) Aniridia; (ii) Axenfeld-Rieger’s anomaly (syndrome if systemic associations); (iii) Peter’s anomaly (syndrome if systemic associations); (iv) Marfan’s syndrome; (v) Weill-Marchesani’s syndrome
	Von Recklinghausen’s syndrome
Phakomatoses	Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber syndrome and variants such as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome)
	Oculodermal melanocytosis
	Lowe’s syndrome
Metabolic disorders	Homocystinuria
	Mucopolysaccharidoses
Mitotic disorders	Juvenile xanthogranuloma
	Trisomy 13 (Patau’s syndrome)
	Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
Other congenital disorders	Congenital cataract: (i) In phakic eyes; (ii) In aphakic eyes after early surgery
	Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
	Congenital rubella
	Uveitis
	Trauma (hyphema, angle recession, and ectopia lentis)
Glaucoma associated with acquired conditions	Steroid or drug induced
	Tumors (benign/malignant, ocular/orbital)
	Retinopathy of prematurity