Revictimization of Violence Suffered by Those Diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence in the General Population

Table 1

Grouping of traumatic events related to alcohol dependence syndrome.

(1) Accidents
(a) Suffering a life-threatening car or motorcycle accident
(b) Suffering another type of life-threatening accident
(2) Violence and criminality
(a) Physically assaulted or attacked without weapon
(b) Surrendered, assaulted, or threatened with a weapon
(c) Maintained in captivity or kidnapped
(d) Tortured or being victim of terrorism
(e) Threatened with death
(f) Being victim of gang wars or drug traffickers
(g) Being home when an intruder attempted to invade your home
(h) Witnessing someone suffer a severe, life-threatening injury or witnessing someone being killed
(i) Witnessing gunfire
(j) An intruder attempted to invade your home when you were not at home
(k) Seeing a corpse, except at funerals, or had to touch a corpse for any reason
(l) Seeing atrocities or carnages, such as mutilated corpses or killings
(3) New forms of crime-related violence
(a) Witnessing or suffering consequences from attacks of the First Capital Command, PCC^1,2;
(b) Becoming stressed with the attacks of PCC
(c) Being threatened via telephone
(4) Sexual crime
(a) Rape, which is when someone has had a sexual relationship with you that you did not want or threatened you or used force
(b) Being abused sexually, which is when someone touches you or feels your genitals when you did not want this
(5) Family violence
(a) A family member beat you with enough force to cause injuries
(b) Witnessing during childhood a severe fight with physical aggression at home
(6) Illness or death of a person close to you
(a) Nonviolent sudden death of a person close to you
(b) Relative or close friend had a life-threatening illness or injury
(7) Spousal violence: physically assaulted by a spouse
(8) Getting beaten by someone else (except spouse or family)

¹This question and the following question refer to the wave of violence against security forces and some civil targets organized by the criminal organization “First Capital Command” (PCC), originating in the city of São Paulo on May 12, 2006, which subsequently spread through the state of São Paulo and other states in Brazil. For two days, the city of São Paulo became immersed in an intense climate of terror which caused the closing of commercial establishments and the emptying of the streets even during business hours.
²For interviews conducted in Rio de Janeiro, the question was modified to include an active criminal organization equivalent to PCC that, during the sequence of events in São Paulo, perpetrated violent acts against the population, such as assaults on mass transit, followed by lighting a bus on fire with passengers aboard.