Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Hydrologic Gradients in the Rhizosphere of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel Growing in the Sun Island Wetland

Table 1

Characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization of Phragmites australis. Area SW1 is flooded with water sometimes; the reeds growing in this area are frequently submerged to a depth of up to 15 cm and the soil is always waterlogged. Area SW2 is located in the river bank, where flooding rarely occurs but the soil is always saturated during the wet period. Area SW3, only humid, is located at the outermost bank of the river, where the reeds still have a sufficient water supply from the river during the dry period. S: summer; A: autumn.

	S			A
	SIW1	SIW2	SIW3	SIW1	SIW2	SIW3
Hyphae	19.2 ± 3.56^A	17.7 ± 2.18^A	13.2 ± 2.19^A	21.6 ± 3.51^b	16.6 ± 2.34^b	9.3 ± 2.2^a
Vesicles	5.6 ± 0.65^B	3.7 ± 0.45^A	2.9 ± 0.29^A	4.7 ± 0.59^c	3.6 ± 0.53^b	2.3 ± 0.38^a
Arbuscules	3.5 ± 0.35^B	2.9 ± 0.3^AB	2.7 ± 0.35^A	7.9 ± 1.1^a	7.2 ± 1.33^a	6.3 ± 0.9^a
Frequency	26.3 ± 2.38^B	23.2 ± 3.64^B	16.1 ± 2.7^A	33.2 ± 4.92^b	27.2 ± 4.29^a	16.9 ± 1.99^a
Intensity	7.4 ± 0.62^B	6.3 ± 0.95^AB	5.4 ± 0.78^A	11.7 ± 2.5^b	9.2 ± 1.76^a	5.5 ± 0.91^a

Different letters in uppercase indicate significant difference between three hydrologic gradients in summer (S) () after one-way ANOVA (Duncan test). Different letters in lowercase indicate significant difference between three hydrologic gradients in autumn (A) () after one-way ANOVA (Duncan test). Data are mean ± SD ( = 30).