Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product: A Biomarker for Acute Coronary Syndrome

Table 1

Patients	sRAGE	Description of main results	Reference
STEMI treated with PCI with/without remote ischemic conditioning ()		Increased sRAGE levels with higher NYHA classification.; No effect of remote ischemic conditioning on sRAGE levels and association between sRAGE and salvage index.	Jensen et al., 2015 [48]
STEMI treated with PCI ()		Consecutive samples show high sRAGE levels prior to and immediately after PCI followed by decreased levels day 1 and day 2 after PCI.; sRAGE was an independent predictor of cardiac dysfunction assessed by decreased LVEF.	Jensen et al., 2015 [49]
ACS ()	→	No difference in sRAGE levels at baseline and after 8–12 months after PCI.; Baseline sRAGE levels were not associated with plaque progression 8–12 months after PCI.	Fukushima et al., 2013 [47]
ACS (), stable angina ()		Significantly decreased sRAGE levels in ACS compared with stable angina.	Falcone et al., 2013 [55]
STEMI (), non-STEMI ()	→	No difference in sRAGE levels between STEMI and non-STEMI.; Elevated sRAGE level was associated with in-hospital cardiac events.	Raposeiras-Roubín et al., 2013 [46]
Non-STEMI (), stable angina ()	→	No difference in sRAGE levels between non-STEMI and stable angina.; Increased sRAGE in patients with elevated TnI.	Basta et al., 2011 [45]
ACS (), stable angina (), controls ()		Increased sRAGE levels in ACS compared with controls.	Cai et al., 2011 [43]
AMI (), controls ()		Increased sRAGE levels in patients with AMI. Diabetic patients with AMI had higher sRAGE levels than diabetic patients without AMI.	Park et al., 2011 [44]
Non-STEMI (), controls ()		Lower sRAGE levels in non-STEMI compared to controls.; Negative correlation between sRAGE and cTnI.	McNair et al., 2011 [51]; McNair et al., 2010 [52]
Non-STEMI (), controls ()		Lower sRAGE levels in non-STEMI compared to controls.; Non-STEMI with post-PCI restenosis had lower post-PCI sRAGE levels than pre-PCI levels.	McNair et al., 2010 [53]
Non-STEMI (), controls ()		Lower sRAGE levels in non-STEMI compared to controls.; sRAGE levels were inversely associated with the number of diseased vessels.	McNair et al., 2009 [54]

ACS: acute coronary syndrome; AMI: acute myocardial infarct; NYHA: New York Heart Association classification; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; sRAGE: soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TnI: Troponin I.