Quitline Use and Outcomes among Callers with and without Mental Health Conditions: A 7-Month Follow-Up Evaluation in Three States

Table 2

Baseline characteristics among multiple-call program callers with and without self-reported MHCs in three states.

Baseline data	Total; ( = 3,132)	No MHCs; ( = 1,697, 54.2%)	One or more MHCs; (, 45.8%)	value^a
	Weighted %	Weighted %	Weighted %
Age – mean (SD)	46.3 (13.2)	47.0 (13.8)	45.5 (12.4)	0.0134
Gender
Male	36.6	39.8	32.7	0.0005
Female	63.4	60.2	67.3
Education
Less than high school	21.0	18.4	24.1	0.0007
GED	6.4	5.7	7.1
High school degree	28.7	31.4	25.6
Some college/trade school	27.5	27.2	27.9
College/trade school degree	16.4	17.4	15.2
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	59.7	52.0	68.9	<0.0001
Black, non-Hispanic	33.2	39.9	25.1
Hispanic	2.4	2.9	1.9
Other, non-Hispanic	4.7	5.2	4.1
Insurance status
Medicaid	22.1	16.5	28.8	<0.0001
Uninsured	39.7	42.2	36.7
Private	23.9	29.0	17.8
Medicare	14.3	12.2	16.7
Tobacco type^b
Cigarette	97.6	97.0	98.1	0.0978
Cigar	2.7	2.6	2.9	0.7038
Pipe	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.7091
Smokeless	2.0	2.2	1.7	0.4111
Other	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.1066
CPD – mean (SD)	18.6 (11.3)	17.7 (10.5)	19.8 (12.0)	<0.0001
0–10	30.5	32.8	27.9	0.0003
11–20	46.7	47.6	45.6
21–30	12.7	11.9	13.6
31+	10.1	7.8	12.9
Time to first use
<5 min	52.9	49.0	57.6	0.0003
6–30 min	28.7	30.3	26.9
31–60 min	9.0	9.8	8.1
60 min+	9.3	10.9	7.4
Dependence index^c	2.6 (0.8)	2.6 (0.8)	2.7 (0.8)	<0.0001
Below median (1–2.5)	52.3	55.9	47.9	0.0001
Above median (3-4)	47.7	44.1	52.1
Chronic health conditions
Any of 4 conditions	45.9	38.3	54.9	<0.0001
Asthma	18.4	11.4	26.5	<0.0001
Diabetes	14.9	12.6	17.5	0.0004
COPD	19.2	14.5	24.7	<0.0001
CAD	9.2	8.2	10.4	0.0481

Note: MHCs = mental health conditions (conditions assessed: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Drug or Alcohol Use Disorder (or Substance Use Disorder), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Schizophrenia); GED = General Education Development; CPD = cigarettes per day; time to first use = time to first tobacco use after waking; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CAD = coronary artery disease.
^a values computed using proc surveylogistic for categorical variables and proc surveyreg for continuous variables. values tested for significant differences in baseline variable proportions or mean values for callers who reported no MHCs versus 1 or more MHCs; a cutoff of was used for statistical significance. Missing data are excluded for each variable.
^bThese are not mutually exclusive categories. Participants could choose multiple tobacco products, if appropriate.
^cFour-point scale index to represent tobacco dependence level based on cigarettes per day and time to first tobacco use after waking. Higher scores on the index represent a higher level of tobacco dependence.