Species Composition and Diversity of Malaria Vector Breeding Habitats in Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka
Table 2
Physicochemical characteristics (mean ± SE, range) of breeding habitats in the District of Trincomalee.
Breeding places
Temperature (°C)
DO (mg/L)
pH (25°C)
Conductivity (µs/cm)
Salinity (mg/L)
TDS (mg/L)
Turbidity (NTU)
Tank margin
31.23 ± 0.08
5.65 ± 0.07
7.57 ± 0.03
751.9 ± 65.4
393.2 ± 37.5
533.2 ± 46.1
84.8 ± 14.0
(29.2–34.2)
(3.18–8.56)
(6.37–8.74)
(90.9–2874)
(15.2–1973)
(26–1987)
(0.47–1332.8)
Lake margin
31.64 ± 0.07
5.73 ± 0.03
7.74 ± 0.04
748 ± 79.65
352 ± 26.87
539 ± 57.40
95.9 ± 19.76
(29.5–33.6)
(3.73–6.32)
(6.95–8.53)
(85.92–1863)
(46.8–984)
(64.97–1538)
(7.84–763.8)
Canal with vegetation
31.42 ± 0.52
4.97 ± 0.75
7.64 ± 0.05
352.1 ± 10.52
138.2 ± 7.42
257.1 ± 7.542
27.92 ± 2.86
(29.5–33.62)
(3.57–5.58)
(6.78–7.85)
(318–529)
(97.86–263)
(198.9–328)
(7.92–89.63)
Marshy land
30.72 ± 0.13
4.89 ± 0.13
7.52 ± 0.04
838.2 ± 33.6
397.5 ± 14.7
546.2 ± 25.5
30.06 ± 1.83
(30.1–31.3)
(4.12–5.82)
(7.2–7.81)
(543–990)
(322–478)
(432–672)
(12.5–38.6)
Field canal
31.47 ± 0.15
5.04 ± 0.11
7.49 ± 0.06
443.4 ± 21
186 ± 10.1
286 ± 13.1
85.7 ± 27.7
(29.3–33.2)
(3.47–5.92)
(6.55–8.01)
(235–768)
(19.3–356)
(178.2–471)
(12.3–1110.3)
Main canal
31.26 ± 0.15
4.98 ± 0.09
7.44 ± 0.05
392.9 ± 11.7
170.8 ± 6.13
272.02 ± 6.36
25.25 ± 1.85
(29.4–33.7)
(3.48–5.72)
(6.59–7.93)
(320–584)
(123–258)
(212–354)
(9.38–67.2)
Paddy field
31.9 ± 0.11
5.04 ± 0.0
7.40 ± 0.05
411.4 ± 14.4
160.42 ± 5.73
263.82 ± 7.71
90.4 ± 16.0
(31.0–34.5)
(4.07–6.33)
(6.45–7.94)
(236–691)
(14.9–362)
(26–463)
(12.2–466.0)
Pond
31.55 ± 0.21
5.01 ± 0.1
7.43 ± 0.05
555.43 ± 8.15
205.26 ± 9.58
337.77 ± 3.93
48.22 ± 3.58
(30.1–33.9)
(4.19–5.96)
(6.86–7.94)
(438–673)
(132.8–298)
(303–388)
(6.2–78.4)
Rock pool
31.1 ± 0.41
4.71 ± 0.1
7.53 ± 0.08
358.92 ± 5.59
166.2 ± 7.92
253.8 ± 6.23
18.2 ± 1.36
(29.4–32.6)
(4.27–5.38)
(7.25–7.93)
(328–393)
(124.8–196.3)
(233–284)
(11.6–25.7)
Earth well
30.01 ± 0.21
4.93 ± 0.13
7.47 ± 0.06
3655 ± 728
1227 ± 196
2197 ± 412
6.57 ± 1.17
(28.4–31.0)
(4.17–5.52)
(7.15–7.86)
(503–8764)
(239–2154)
(381–5244)
(0.37–12.48)
Built well
30.54 ± 0.077
4.10 ± 0.06
7.52 ± 0.03
2358 ± 174
1102.3 ± 81.8
1580 ± 115
2.78 ± 0.41
(28.9–32.4)
(2.35–5.72)
(6.28–8.45)
(320–8530)
(133–3487)
(210–4632)
(0.01–21.4)
Common well
31.13 ± 0.12
3.82 ± 0.1
7.78 ± 0.11
1626.3 ± 77.4
819.7 ± 42.2
1099.1 ± 64.7
0.55 ± 0.06
(30.4–31.6)
(3.45–4.52)
(7.24–8.35)
(1312–1964)
(636–972)
(845–1398)
(0.19–0.85)
Agricultural well
30.03 ± 0.22
4.77 ± 0.25
7.62 ± 0.1
1239 ± 149
485.8 ± 45
699 ± 54.6
11.05 ± 3.95
(29.3–30.7)
(3.58–5.39)
(7.33–8.05)
(845–1875)
(322–673)
(537–863)
(1.12–27.3)
Burrow pit
31.16 ± 0.168
5.865 ± 0.355
7.47 ± 0.05
810 ± 123
398.1 ± 63.9
565.2 ± 85.6
131.3 ± 19.2
(29.4–32.5)
(3.34–9.3)
(6.62–8.33)
(236–1894)
(98.4–980)
(134.3–1364)
(5.3–326)
Animal foot print
31.73 ± 0.73
2.53 ± 0.01
7.48 ± 0.03
590 ± 43.87
316 ± 38.65
425 ± 48.83
65.49 ± 97.63
(29.74–34.52)
(0.46–3.72)
(7.14–7.92)
(287–864)
(123–673)
(243–718)
(13.85–982)
Rain water pool
31.25 ± 0.61
4.21 ± 0.02
7.63 ± 0.03
528 ± 12.83
318 ± 13.81
443 ± 10.23
19.83 ± 2.06
(30.3–33.6)
(3.91–5.17)
(7.08–7.92)
(321–872)
(198.23–523)
(218–672)
(9.83–28.75)
Quarry pit
31.88 ± 0.13
4.57 ± 0.10
7.61 ± 0.04
361.95 ± 7.21
166.46 ± 6.29
266 ± 9.9
29.62 ± 1.13
(30.7–32.6)
(3.65–5.92)
(7.3–7.92)
(318–435)
(123.8–245)
(211–371)
(22.4–38.75)
River margin
31.70 ± 0.02
3.56 ± 0.16
7.48 ± 0.01
749 ± 24.70
350 ± 8.92
472 ± 10.51
13.72 ± 7.62
(30.8–33.2)
(3.02–4.73)
(6.91–7.83)
(482–851)
(219–521)
(328–731)
(6.91–22.85)
Tyre mark
31.95 ± 0.04
2.18 ± 0.03
7.35 ± 0.05
529 ± 75.32
98.54 ± 24.3
254 ± 132.9
83.74 ± 9.43
(29.63–34.52)
(0.95–2.96)
(7.17–7.82)
(319–952)
(53.86–254.8)
(168.66–538.8)
(18.94–741.0)
Waste water collection
31.62 ± 0.78
2.85 ± 0.03
7.72 ± 0.08
753.0 ± 53.1
328 ± 24.97
1654 ± 140
37.1 ± 8.63
(29.64–34.21)
(0.84–3.83)
(7.08–8.93)
(397–1397)
(164.9–976)
(274–4721)
(2.85–386)
Water storage tank
30.8 ± 0.06
4.77 ± 0.04
7.57 ± 0.001
2649 ± 152
1325 ± 67.92
527 ± 152.8
2.92 ± 0.02
(29.81–33.91)
(3.87–5.94)
(7.01–7.93)
(361–6219)
(153–3417)
(263.3–1238)
(0.02–12.83)
Note: values are given to the nearest significant decimal. Different superscript letters in a row show significant differences () indicated by Tukey’s multiple comparison after Kruskall-Wallis test.
