Serum Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Elderly Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic elderly patients.
All subjects
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Number
219
62
25
132
Age (years)
73.8 ± 5.1
74.7 ± 3.9
78.0 ± 5.3
72.5 ± 4.9
Sex, female
103 (47%)
32 (51.6%)
21 (84%)
50 (37.8%)
Years of education
11.1 ± 2.4
9.8 ± 1.9
9.5 ± 1.7
12.1 ± 2.2
Smoked tobacco regularly
60 (27.4%)
12 (19.4%)
14 (56%)
34 (25.7%)
BMI (kg/m2)
29.3 ± 3.4
29.8 ± 3.5
31.8 ± 3.2
28.6 ± 3.1
Systolic BP (mm Hg)
136.4 ± 15.6
136.9 ± 16.1
135.4 ± 17.8
136.4 ± 15.2
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)
75.2 ± 8.1
75.8 ± 8.1
74.9 ± 8.2
75.3 ± 8.1
FBG (mmol/L)
129.3 ± 25.8
129.6 ± 26.3
130.4 ± 29.9
128.9 ± 25.1
Duration of DM2 (years)
8.36 ± 6.1
10.63 ± 6.2
12.8 ± 6.23
6.45 ± 5.07
Previous CVD
99 (45.2%)
48 (77.4%)
23 (92%)
28 (21.2%)
Stroke
12 (5.5%)
2 (3.2%)
5 (20%)
5 (3.78%)
Previous HA/use of HA drugs
174 (79.5%)
60 (96.7%)
21 (84%)
93 (70.4%)
Hyperlipidemia
166 (75.8%)
56 (90.3%)
24 (96%)
86 (65.15%)
Retinopathy
104 (47.5%)
43 (69.4%)
18 (72%)
43 (32.6%)
Nephropathy
81 (36.9%)
32 (51.6%)
11 (44%)
38 (28.8%)
Neuropathy
33 (15.1%)
10 (16.1%)
10 (40%)
13 (9.8%)
Comorbidity ()
4.49 ± 3.2
6.3 ± 3.06
9 ± 2.82
2.8 ± 1.8
MoCA score
25.01 ± 3.1
21.5 ± 1.5
21.8 ± 1.7
27.3 ± 1.2
GDS-30 score
4.46 ± 4.9
3.6 ± 2.7
16 ± 2.7
2.7 ± 2.6
Group 1, MCI without depressive syndrome; group 2, MCI with depressive syndrome; group 3, controls. Values are expressed by mean ± SD or frequency. indicates difference between group 1 and group 2; group 2 and group 3; group 1 and group 3, respectively. The ANOVA test followed by post hoc test was used to test for significant differences. A value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. DM2: diabetes type 2, CVD: cardiovascular disease, HA: hypertension, BMI: body mass index, BP: blood pressure, FBG: fasting blood glucose, MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale.
