Novel Approaches to Treatment of Advanced Melanoma: A Review on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

Table 1

Summary of selected clinical trials of MAPK-targeting agents.

Phase	Drug Name	Study design	Patient population	No. pts	ORR (%)	PFS (months)	OS (months)	Reference
I	Vemurafenib	Vemurafenib dose-expansion (BRIM-1)	Metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation	32	81	7	13.8	[16]
II	Vemurafenib	Vemurafenib (BRIM-2)	Metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation	132	53	6.8	15.9	[17]
III	Vemurafenib	Vemurafenib vs Dacarbazine (BRIM-3)	Previously untreated patients with BRAF V600-mutant positive melanoma (stage IIIc/IV)	675	48 vs 5	5.3 vs 1.6	13.2 vs 9.6	[18, 19]
II	Dabrafenib	Dabrafenib in V600E- vs V600K-mutant pts (BREAK-2)	V600E- and V600K-mutant melanoma	92	59 vs 13	6.3 vs 4.5	13.1 vs 12.9	[20]
III	Dabrafenib	Dabrafenib vs Dacarbazine (BREAK-3)	Unresectable stage III or IV melanoma with BRAF V600E-mutation	250	50 vs 6	5.1 vs 2.7	NA	[21, 22]
III	Trametinib	Trametinib vs Dacarbazine	Stage IIIc or IV melanoma with BRAF V600E/K mutation	322	24 vs 7	4.8 vs 1.4	NA	[23]
III	Dabrafenib, Vemurafenib, Trametinib	Dabrafenib + Trametinib vs Vemurafenib	Unresectable or metastatic cutaneous melanoma with BRAF V600E/K mutation	704	64 vs 51	11.4 vs 7.3	18.3 vs 17.2	[24]