Novel Approaches to Treatment of Advanced Melanoma: A Review on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

Table 2

Summary of selected clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents for melanoma treatment.

Phase	Drug Name	Study design	Patient population	No. pts	ORR (%)	PFS (months)	OS (months)	Reference
III	Ipilimumab	Ipilimumab vs Ipilimumab plus GP100 vs GP100	Previously treated advanced melanoma	676	10.9 vs 5.7 vs 1.5	2.86 vs 2.76 vs 2.76	10.1 vs 10.0 vs 6.4	[25]
III	Ipilimumab, Dacarbazine	Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine vs dacarbazine	Previously untreated metastatic melanoma	502	15.2 vs 10.3	NA	11.2 vs 9.1	[26]
II	Ipilimumab, GM-CSF	Ipilimumab plus GM-CSF vs ipilimumab	Metastatic melanoma	245	NA	3.1 vs 3.1	17.5 vs 12.7	[27]
I/II	Tremelimumab	Dose-escalation of tremelimumab	Unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma	117	9.8 (10 mg/kg)	NA	9.97 (10 mg/kg), 11.53 (15 mg/kg)	[28]
III	Tremelimumab	Tremelimumab vs dacarbazine/temozolomide	Previously untreated stage IIIc or IV melanoma	655	10.7 vs 9.8	Duration of response: 35.8 vs 13.7	12.6 vs 10.7	[29]
II	Nivolumab	Nivolumab	Unresectable stage III or IV melanoma	90	25	172 days	Not yet reached	[30]
III	Nivolumab, Dacarbazine	Nivolumab vs Dacarbazine	Previously untreated BRAF-mutation positive melanoma	418	40.0 vs 13.9	5.1 vs 2.2	At 1-year 72.9% vs 42.1%	[31]
I	Pembrolizumab	Safety/efficacy of three doses	Advanced melanoma	135	38/37 (by IRC)	Over 7 months	Not reached	[32, 33]
I	Pembrolizumab	Pembrolizumb 2 mg/kg/10 mg/kg	Refractory melanoma	173	26	22/14 weeks	NA	[34]
II	Pidilizumab	Pidilizumab 1.5 mg/kg/6 mg/kg	Metastatic melanoma	103	6	2.8/1.9	1 year: 65%	[35]