Participation of WNT and β-Catenin in Physiological and Pathological Endometrial Changes: Association with Angiogenesis

Table 1

Function and hormonal regulation of WNT and β-catenin (CTNNB1 gene) in the endometrium.

Gene		Description	References
WNT4	Function	Formation of the primordial gonads	[18]
		Gametogenesis	[17]
		Uterine wall morphogenesis	[19]
		Decidua formation	[24, 60, 88]
	Hormonal regulation	E2 ↑	[13]
		E2 ↓	[9, 10]
		P4	[13]
		E2 ↓ + P4	[13]
WNT5A	Function	Uterine wall morphogenesis	[19]
	Hormonal regulation	E2 ↓	[9, 10]
		P4 + RU486 ↑	[25]
WNT7A	Function	Development and functioning of the gonads	[6]
		Postnatal uterine gland morphogenesis and function	[89]
	Hormonal regulation	E2 ↓	[9, 10]
		E2 + P4 ↓	[24]
CTNNB1	Function	Normal functioning of the uterus Endometrial homeostasis	[32]
	Hormonal regulation	P4 ↑	[35]
		E2	[35]

↓: decreased gene expression; ↑: increased gene expression; E₂: estradiol; P₄: progesterone, RU486: antagonist of progesterone receptor.