A 2D Electromechanical Model of Human Atrial Tissue Using the Discrete Element Method

Figure 1

An illustration of the linear contact bond model used in the DEM model, connecting two particles and . Here is the location of the contact plane centred between the two particles, is the normal directed towards particle , and is the tangential direction. and are the normal and shear spring stiffness, and are the dashpot normal and shear critical damping ratios, and and are the tensile and shear strengths of the contact under force.