Research Article
Ischemic Postconditioning and Subanesthetic S(+)-Ketamine Infusion: Effects on Renal Function and Histology in Rats
Table 1
Descriptive and longitudinal analysis of the biochemical variables within each group.
| Collect | | | | Time effecta | Contrast analysis | Group | Mean | | SD | Mean | | SD | Mean | | SD |
| Cr | | | | | | | | | | | | CG | 0.430 | ± | 0.142 | 0.620 | ± | 0.193 | 0.550 | ± | 0.108 | 0.021 | | KG | 0.350 | ± | 0.053 | 0.520 | ± | 0.079 | 0.570 | ± | 0.082 | 0.0001 | | IPG | 0.390 | ± | 0.074 | 0.820 | ± | 0.274 | 2.60 | ± | 1.67 | 0.0001 | | KIPG | 0.418 | ± | 0.117 | 0.964 | ± | 0.112 | 3.26 | ± | 1.83 | 0.0001 | | NGAL | | | | | | | | | | | | CG | 5.8 | ± | 4.9 | 20.0 | ± | 23.0 | 217.2 | ± | 65.4 | 0.0001 | | KG | 5.3 | ± | 4.5 | 5.2 | ± | 2.7 | 226.5 | ± | 96.6 | 0.0001 | | IPG | 10.1 | ± | 10.4 | 37.7 | ± | 41.3 | 343.6 | ± | 50.6 | 0.0001 | | KIPG | 20.8 | ± | 19.9 | 66.0 | ± | 104.9 | 374.0 | ± | 17.7 | 0.0001 | | Na+ | | | | | | | | | | | | CG | 132.4 | ± | 3.2 | 130.9 | ± | 4.1 | 134.4 | ± | 2.2 | 0.091 | | KG | 130.1 | ± | 4.0 | 132.9 | ± | 1.7 | 133.8 | ± | 3.3 | 0.025 | | IPG | 128.5 | ± | 2.8 | 128.2 | ± | 2.4 | 128.6 | ± | 1.9 | 0.90 | | KIPG | 130.7 | ± | 3.3 | 129.4 | ± | 2.7 | 131.4 | ± | 3.6 | 0.32 | | BUN | | | | | | | | | | | | CG | 55.0 | ± | 14.8 | 63.7 | ± | 16.3 | 56.3 | ± | 11.6 | 0.17 | | KG | 50.6 | ± | 3.1 | 58.0 | ± | 3.9 | 60.1 | ± | 8.5 | 0.004 | | IPG | 45.4 | ± | 5.3 | 60.8 | ± | 7.2 | 174.5 | ± | 70.1 | 0.0001 | | KIPG | 46.4 | ± | 5.9 | 62.9 | ± | 4.2 | 206.0 | ± | 76.2 | 0.0001 | |
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SD: standard deviation; Cr: creatinine; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Na+: sodium; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CG: control group; KG: subanesthetic S(+)-ketamine continuous infusion group; IPG: ischemic postconditioning (IP) group; KIPG: subanesthetic S(+)-ketamine continuous infusion + IP group. aANOVA for repeated measures within each experimental group.
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