Effect of Electrode Shape on Impedance of Single HeLa Cell: A COMSOL Simulation

Figure 4

Schematic of four different electrodes and the electric field distributions induced in the vicinity of the electrode pair for a frequency of 100 kHz and an operating voltage of 1 V. (a) Cross electrodes, (b) circle electrodes, (c) parallel electrodes, and (d) standard electrodes.

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(b)

(c)

(d)