Production of Monomeric Aromatic Compounds from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Lignin by Chemical and Enzymatic Methods
Table 3
Comparison of aromatic compounds yields from lignin oxidation/deconstruction through nitrobenzene oxidation, oxygen oxidation, cutinase catalysis and manganese peroxidase (MnP) catalysis (; ).
Compounds
Compounds’ recovery (mg g−1 lignin)
Nitrobenzene
Oxygen
Cutinase
MnP
Hydroxybenzoic acid
16.66 ± 2.47
16.40 ± 1.98
8.04 ± 0.18
6.72 ± 0.10
p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
0.28 ± 0.01
0.25 ± <0.00
n.d
n.d
Vanillic acid
1.28 ± 0.08
1.26 ± 0.06
n.d
0.20 ± 0.01
Vanillin
8.43 ± 1.16
1.30 ± 0.11
0.29 ± 0.01
0.18 ± 0.01
Syringic acid
3.77 ± 0.34
2.08 ± 0.03
n.d
n.d
Syringaldehyde
40.76 ± 2.09
3.92 ± 0.04
0.88 ± 0.04
n.d
p-Coumaric acid
0.76 ± 0.11
1.08 ± 0.06
0.34 ± 0.02
0.18 ± 0.01
Ferulic acid
2.24 ± 0.17
2.02 ± 0.13
0.63 ± 0.02
0.31 ± 0.02
Note. Different alphabets in the same row indicated that there are significant differences () between the mean values from different treatments. n.d represents not detected.
