Systemic Inflammation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Association with Muscle Function and Nutritional Status

Table 1

Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters in DMD patients.

DMD patients
n = 66
Age (years)	9.4 ± 3.1
Wheelchair bound (number of boys)	18
Vignos Scale	3.68 ± 2.74
Body weight (kg)	28.8 ± 13.0
Height (m)	1.3 ± 0.2
Body fat mass (%)	28.1 ± 14.2
Body fat mass (kg)	9.1 ± 8.7
Lean body mass (kg)	18.3 ± 5.2
Percentile of BMI	46.3 ± 35.6
IL-6 (pg/mL)^*	3.2 ± 1.3
IL-1 (pg/mL)^**	6.04 ± 1.33
TNF–α (pg/mL)^***	10.7 ± 2.8
Adiponectin (ng/mL)	34.14 ± 19.57
Leptin (ng/mL)	9.74 ± 9.15
CRP (mg/dL)	1.9 ± 1.9
CK (U/L)	11475.0 ± 6830.5

DMD: Duchenne muscular dystrophy; IL-6: cytokine 6; IL-1: cytokine 1; BMI: body mass index; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; CRP: C-reactive protein; CK: creatine kinase. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Values reported in healthy subjects of ^*IL–6, 1.93 ± 1.38 pg/mL; ^**IL-1, 3.6 ± 1.0; ^***TNF–α (pg/mL) 3.6 ± 0.9 pg/mL [7, 17, 18].