Gender-Specific Associations of Serum Antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Inflammatory Markers
Table 2
Prevalence ratios for periodontal disease (presence of periodontal pocket depth ≥4 mm) in 2003 in males and females.
Covariates from data of 2003
Males
Females
Number of those having periodontal disease ( = 143)
Crude PR (95% CI)
Adjusted PR† (95% CI)
Number of those having periodontal disease ( = 52)
Crude PR (95% CI)
Adjusted PR† (95% CI)
Serum antibody titer against Pg (%)
Low
53 (35.3)
1
1
15 (26.8)
1
1
High
90 (62.1)
1.8 (1.4–2.3
1.6 (1.3–2.1
37 (61.7)
2.3 (1.4–3.7
2.2 (1.3–3.5)**
Overweight
No
102 (49.5)
1
34 (37.4)
1
1
Yes
41 (46.1)
0.9 (0.7–1.2)
18 (72.0)
1.9 (1.3–2.8
1.7 (1.2–2.6
hsCRP
Normal
116 (48.3)
1
40 (41.7)
1
1
Elevated hsCRP
27 (49.1)
1.0 (0.8–1.4)
12 (60.0)
1.4 (0.9–2.2)
1.0 (0.6–1.6)
Leukocytes
1.0 (0.9–1.1)
1.0 (0.9–1.1)
Fasting glucose
Normal
51 (45.9)
1
23 (41.1)
1
Elevated fasting glucose
92 (50.0)
1.1 (0.8–1.4)
29 (48.3)
1.2 (0.8–1.7)
HDL
Normal
139 (48.9)
1
46 (41.8)
Reduced
4 (36.4)
0.7 (0.4–1.6)
6 (100.0) ‡
Triglycerides
Normal
99 (50.0)
1
36 (41.4)
1
Elevated triglycerides
44 (45.4)
0.9 (0.7–1.2)
16 (55.2)
1.3 (0.9–2.0)
Blood pressure
Normal
95 (49.2)
1
37 (43.0)
1
Elevated blood pressure
48 (47.1)
1.1 (0.8–1.4)
15 (50.0)
1.2 (0.8–1.8)
Age
<60 yrs
70 (40.2)
1
1
24 (42.1)
1
≥60 yrs
73 (60.3)
1.5 (1.2–1.9
1.4 (1.1–1.8
28 (47.5)
1.1 (0.8–1.7)
Toothbrushing frequency
<3 times/day
107 (50.5)
1
29 (50.0)
1
≥3 times/day
36 (43.4)
0.9 (0.7–1.1)
23 (39.7)
0.8 (0.5–1.2)
Smoking
Never
46 (43.0)
1
1
50 (44.6)
1
Current/Past
97 (51.6)
1.2 (0.9–1.6)
1.1 (0.9–1.5)
2 (50.0)
1.1 (0.4–3.0)
Alcohol consumption
No
34 (48.6)
1
34 (46.6)
1
Current
109 (48.4)
1.0 (0.8–1.3)
18 (41.9)
0.9 (0.6–1.4)
Poisson regression analysis with periodontal disease (periodontal pocket depth ≥4 mm) in 2003 as the dependent variable and serum antibody titer against Pg, overweight, hsCRP, leukocytes fasting glucose, HDL, triglycerides, blood pressure, age, smoking, and drinking in 2003 as the independent variables. < 0.05, < 0.01, and < 0.001. Adjusted prevalence ratios in the final multivariable model after including covariates with a significance level for retention of < 0.2. PR was not calculated because of complete separation (the number of females with periodontally healthy and reduced HDL was 0). HsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval.
