Review Article
The Roles of Hedgehog Signaling in Upper Lip Formation
Table 1
Mouse mutants that were used for investigating Shh signaling and lip development.
| Mutated gene | Type of mutation | Phenotype | Reference |
| Patched1 | ENU | CL | [7] | Patched1 | CKO (neural crest) | CL | [33] | Smo | CKO (neural crest) | Truncated face | [35] | Shh | Ectoderm overexpression | Malformed lip | [36] | Boc, Gas1 | Double KO | CL/P | [31] | Kif3a | CKO (neural crest) | Hypertelorism, CP | [41] | Ift172 | ENU | CP | [42] | Ift144 | ENU | CL/P | [44] |
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ENU: N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. CKO: conditional knockout. KO: knockout. CL: cleft lip. CP: cleft palate. CL/P: cleft lip and palate.
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