Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy versus Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Matched Comparison Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients.

Variable	RANU	HANU	value
	= 18	= 197
Age (mean ± SD)	70.4 ± 6.3	67.7 ± 10.6	0.295
Gender
Male	5 (27.8%)	104 (52.8%)	0.050
Female	13 (72.2%)	93 (47.2%)
BMI (mean ± SD)	23.8 ± 3.4	24.6 ± 5.5	0.688
CKD stage
Non-ESRD	15 (83.3%)	183 (92.9%)	0.159
ESRD	3 (16.7%)	14 (7.1%)
Simultaneous bladder UC	4 (22.2%)	27 (13.7%)	0.303
Location
Kidney	10 (55.6%)	117 (59.4%)	0.886
Ureter	5 (27.8%)	51 (25.9%)
Both	3 (16.7%)	29 (14.7%)
Tumor (T) stage
Ta	3 (16.7%)	89 (45.4%)	0.052
T1	5 (27.8%)	30 (15.3%)
T2	6 (33.3%)	58 (29.6%)
T3	4 (22.2%)	16 (8.2%)
T4	0	3 (1.5%)
Node (N) stage
N0	17 (94.4%)	175 (93.4%)	1.000
N1	1 (5.56%)	13 (6.6%)
N2	0	6 (3.0%)
N3	0	3 (1.5%)
Metastasis (during surgery)	0	0	1.000
Grade
Low	1 (5.56%)	24 (12.2%)	0.702
High	17 (94.4%)	173 (87.8%)

HANU: hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy; RANU: robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy; BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; UC: urothelial cancer. < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.