Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy versus Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Matched Comparison Study

Table 3

Pathological characteristics of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients.

Variable	RANU	HANU	value
	= 18	= 18
Location
Kidney	10 (55.6%)	10 (55.6%)	1.000
Ureter	5 (27.8%)	5 (27.8%)
Both	3 (16.7%)	3 (16.7%)
Tumor (T) stage
Ta	3 (16.7%)	7 (38.9%)	0.165
T1	5 (27.8%)	2 (11.1%)
T2	6 (33.3%)	2 (11.1%)
T3	4 (22.2%)	7 (38.9%)
Node (N) stage
N0	17 (94.4%)	16 (88.9%)	1.000
N1	1 (5.56%)	2 (11.1%)
Metastasis (during surgery)	0	0	1.000
Grade
Low	1 (5.56%)	3 (16.7%)	0.603
High	17 (94.4%)	15 (83.3%)
Lymphovascular invasion	3 (16.7%)	4 (22.2%)	0.691

HANU: hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy; RANU: robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.