Models of Workplace Incivility: The Relationships to Instigated Incivility and Negative Outcomes

Figure 1

Final structural model showing standardized relationships between the latent variables EIC, experienced incivility from coworker; EIS, experienced incivility from supervisor; WIS, witnessed incivility from coworker; WIS, witnessed incivility from supervisor; C, control; JD, job demands; SSC, social support from coworker; SSS social support from supervisor; and II, instigated incivility. Figures in italics = correlations, figures in plain text = paths (). All figures are significant at the level, except the relationship between EIC and II, which was on the border of significance.