Biologic Roles of Estrogen Receptor-β and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-2 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Figure 5

ERβ1 stimulates secretion of VEGF, amphiregulin, and WNT 10b/12. TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231) were cultivated in estrogen-free media and then treated for 20–120 minutes with ERβ agonist (10 nM DPN), followed by harvesting of medium and ELISA assays for VEGF, amphiregulin (AREG), and WNT 10b/12, signaling molecules that are each reported to contribute to the progression of TNBC [52, 53, 64]. Assays were done in triplicate in 3 independent experiments. DPN promoted secretion of several critical growth factors (all at ) as compared to appropriate controls.