microRNA Regulation of Peritoneal Cavity Homeostasis in Peritoneal Dialysis

Table 1

miRNAs implicated in the regulation of peritoneal cavity homeostasis during peritoneal dialysis therapy.

miRNA	Study selection	Model(s)	Target(s)	Downstream signaling	References
Downregulation: miR-31, miR-93, miR-100, miR-152, miR-497, miR-192, miR-194, and miR-200b; Upregulation: miR-122	Microarray analysis (rat PD model, 4 weeks, total peritoneal tissue)	Rat PD model (4 weeks, total peritoneal tissue)	No	No	[26]
Downregulation: miR-30a	Microarray analysis (rat PD model, 4 weeks, total peritoneal tissue)	Rat PD model (4 weeks, total peritoneal tissue); HMrSV5 and primary rat PMCs TGF-β1 stimulated; Total peritoneal tissue from PD patients; miR-30a stable overexpression in HMrSV5	Snail1^&	miR-30a acts as a negative regulator of TGF-β1 and induces Snail1-dependent EMT during peritoneal fibrosis	[19]
Downregulation: miR-653, miR-598; Upregulation: miR-136, miR-703^#, miR-30b, and miR-107	Microarray analysis (rat PD model, MGO-induced EMT, 1-2 weeks, total peritoneal tissue)	Rat MGO-induced EMT PD model (1-2 weeks, total peritoneal tissue); Rat MGO-induced EMT PD model with miR-30b-ASO; Ex vivo rat PMCs cultured in vitro	BMP7; (miR-30b)	BMP-7 is downregulated in rat MGO-induced EMT PD model, reverted by miR-30b-ASO, and directly targeted by miR-30b, which could antagonize TGF-β1 effects	[29]
Downregulation: miR-200a-3p; Upregulation: miR-182-5p, miR-488-5p, miR-296-3p, and miR-292-5p	Microarray analysis (mouse PD model, 4 weeks, total peritoneal tissue)	Mouse PD model (4 weeks, total peritoneal tissue)	No	No	[32]
Downregulation: miR-129-5p	Microarray analysis (PDE-derived HPMCs from PD patients)	PDE-derived HPMCs from PD patients; HMrSV5 TGF-β1 stimulated; miR-129-5p overexpression and SIP1/SOX4 knockdown in HMrSV5 TGF-β1 stimulated	SIP1, SOX4	miR-129-5p modulates E-cadherin and vimentin expression by targeting SIP1 and SOX4 genes or by modulating the promoter activity of E-cadherin and vimentin by the TGF-β1/SIP1 pathway.; miR-125-5p protects MCs undergoing MMT TGF-β1-induced during PD and may exert protective effect targeting SIP1 and SOX4	[33]
Downregulation: miR-589	Unpublished (preexperiment CAPD profile miRNAs)	PDE-derived HPMCs from PD patients; PDE-derived HPMCs and HMrSV5 TGF-β1 stimulated; miR-589 overexpression in HMrSV5	No	No	[34]
Downregulation: miR-29b	Literature-based: studies on TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis	Mouse PD model with miR-29b overexpression (total omentum and peritoneal tissue)	SP1^&	Blockade of the Sp1/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway may be a mechanism by which miR-29b inhibited peritoneal fibrosis	[20]
Downregulation: miRNA-200c	Literature-based	PDE-derived HPMCs from PD patients	No	No	[35]
Upregulation: miR-15, miR-21, and miR-192; No-changes: miR-377, miR-30, and miR-17; No-detection: miR-216a, miR-217	Literature-based: studies on potential EMT miRNAs	PDE-derived cells from PD patients	No	No	[36]
Downregulation: miR-15a, let-7e; Upregulation: miR-193a; No-changes: miR-16, miR-21	Literature-based: studies related to kidney development and diseases	Cultured HPMCs stimulated by D-glucose (time course, 48 h) as a EMT model	No	No	[37]

miRNA sequence is not conserved between the model of study and human.
^#miRNA sequence is not present in miRBase (v21, June 2014) for rat or human.
^&Putative targets already described [19, 20].