From Cerebellar Activation and Connectivity to Cognition: A Review of the Quadrato Motor Training

Figure 3

(a) Upper panel: change in ideational flexibility and z-transformed alpha coherence as a function of Group and Training (.05). Lower panel: correlation between change in frontal alpha activity and cognitive change following a session of QMT. Lower panel: correlations between change in frontal alpha power and log(RT) and frontal alpha coherence and ideational flexibility (, 0.45, , 7, resp.) [65]. (b) Spatial cognition. Pre-post difference in performance on the HFT task measured by the number of correct detections (mean ± SEM, .005) [64]. (c) Changes in alpha power. Left panel: significant clusters resulting from the group (dyslexics, controls) by training (pre, post) interaction. The focus point (green cross) is positioned in the right culmen. Right panel: the bar graph shows cerebellar alpha power as a function of Group and Training (; ) [66]. (d) Changes in proBDNF and the cerebellum following 12 weeks of daily QMT practice. Left panel: Western blot analysis of proBDNF level. Histograms represent the average of the triplicate proBDNF values. Right panel: regions of GM volume and FA values positively correlated with proBDFN [67]. (e) Significant correlation between change in ideational flexibility and proNGF (beyond groups). Change in ideational flexibility, calculated by the subtraction of pre- from posttraining, was negatively correlated with the change in proNGF [68]. (f) Structural changes and creativity. A positive correlation () between change in ideational flexibility and QMT-induced FA changes, mostly located in the middle cerebellar peduncles [69].