Research Article
Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Characteristics Associated with ADHD among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Gambling Disorder
Table 3
Association between gambling severity (SOGS and DSM total scores), measures of psychopathology (SCL-90-R) and personality (TCI-R), and ADHD scores.
| | Interaction (p value) | Parameters for the predictor adjusted by gender and age | | IV × sex | IV × age | SinEff | | SE | Beta | | 95% CI (B) |
| Model for SOGS-total score | .965 | .942 | | 0.339 | 0.078 | 0.234 | <.001 | 0.19; 0.49 |
| Model for the number of DSM-IV criteria | .490 | .454 | | 0.635 | 0.111 | 0.298 | <.001 |
0.42; 0.85 |
| Model for SCL-90-R 1st-order scales | | | | | | | | | SCL: somatization | .560 | .419 | | −0.026 | 0.035 | −0.055 | .455 | −0.10; 0.04 | SCL: obsessive-compulsive | .171 | .232 | | 0.293 | 0.046 | 0.521 | <.001 | 0.20; 0.38 | SCL: interpersonal sensitivity | .388 | .941 | | 0.060 | 0.055 | 0.100 | .279 | −0.05; 0.17 | SCL: depressive | .140 | .413 | | −0.028 | 0.035 | −0.073 | .422 | −0.10; 0.04 | SCL: anxiety | .721 | .168 | | 0.038 | 0.062 | 0.070 | .537 | −0.08; 0.16 | SCL: hostility | .564 | .377 | | 0.017 | 0.059 | 0.019 | .778 | −0.10; 0.13 | SCL: phobic anxiety | .209 | .565 | | 0.025 | 0.067 | 0.027 | .706 | −0.11; 0.16 | SCL: paranoid ideation | .686 | .502 | | 0.037 | 0.076 | 0.037 | .628 | −0.11; 0.19 | SCL: psychoticism | .400 | .128 | | −0.031 | 0.055 | −0.054 | .571 | −0.14; 0.08 |
| Model for SCL-90-R 2nd-order scales | | | | | | | | | SCL: GSI | .281 | .020 | Age 25 | 1.797 | 1.517 | 0.280 | .237 | −1.19; 4.78 | | | | Age 40 | 2.833 | 1.340 | 0.442 | .035 | 0.20; 5.47 | | | | Age 60 | 4.215 | 1.477 | 0.657 | .005 | 1.31; 7.12 | SCL: PST | .097 | .064 | | 0.021 | 0.030 | 0.095 | .482 | −0.04; 0.08 | SCL: PSDI | .693 | .011 | Age 25 | 1.277 | 1.348 | 0.164 | .344 | −1.37; 3.93 | | | | Age 40 | −0.083 | 0.963 | −0.011 | .931 | −1.98; 1.81 | | | | Age 60 | −1.898 | 1.051 | −0.244 | .072 | −3.96; 0.17 |
| Model for personality traits (TCI-R) | | | | | | | | | TCI-R: novelty seeking | .571 | .834 | | 0.029 | 0.017 | 0.081 | .103 | −0.01; 0.06 | TCI-R: harm avoidance | .007 | .915 | Female | 0.110 | 0.039 | 0.392 | .005 | 0.03; 0.19 | | | | Male | 0.033 | 0.017 | 0.116 | .052 | −0.01; 0.06 | TCI-R: reward dependence | .957 | .682 | | −0.015 | 0.017 | −0.046 | .391 | −0.05; 0.02 | TCI-R: persistence | .579 | .897 | | −0.033 | 0.012 | −0.144 | .008 | −0.06; −0.01 | TCI-R: self-directedness | .340 | .393 | | −0.054 | 0.014 | −0.245 | <.001 | −0.08; −0.03 | TCI-R: cooperativeness | .297 | .468 | | −0.033 | 0.018 | −0.113 | .062 | −0.07; 0.00 | TCI-R: self-transcendence | .819 | .213 | | 0.066 | 0.017 | 0.213 | <.001 | 0.03; 0.01 |
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IV: independent variable. SinEff: single effects (for significant interactions). All the results adjusted by patients’ sex and age.
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