Curcumin and Its Analogue Induce Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells and Have Additive Effects with Bortezomib in Cellular and Xenograft Models

Table 4

Summary of FACS analysis. Percentage of cells in early and late stages of apoptosis and total apoptotic cells as determined by annexin V and PI staining. The curcumin analogue C-150 induced a similar rate of apoptosis at 50-fold lower concentration than curcumin. Furthermore, it retained the ability to potentiate the effect of bortezomib.

	Early apoptotic cells; Annexin V+/PI−		Late apoptotic cells; Annexin V+/PI+		Total apoptotic cells
	%	+/−	%	+/−	%	+/−
Control	4.5	0.5	3.4	0.6	7.9	1.1
BTZ 20 nM	21.4	0.4	16.5	4.2	37.9	4.6
C 15 µM	18.6	0.8	21.9	4.2	40.5	5.0
C 15 µM + BTZ 20 nM	21.3	1.3	29.1	1.6	50.4	2.9
C 25 µM	45.6	5.0	54.1	4.9	99.6	9.9
C 25 µM + BTZ 20 nM	53.3	8.0	46.5	7.9	99.7	15.9
C-150 0.3 µM	23.8	4.1	7.0	2.7	30.8	6.9
C-150 0.3 µM + BTZ 20 nM	25.4	0.1	21.4	4.4	46.9	4.5
C-150 0.6 µM	24.5	1.0	45.9	3.9	70.4	4.9
C-150 0.6 µM + BTZ 20 nM	24.2	2.0	45.7	3.2	69.8	5.3