The Complex Relationship of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Acute Kidney Injury: Causation or Association?

Figure 1

The various cannulation configurations used for ECMO. In both configurations, deoxygenated blood (blue line) is removed from the venous circulation. In venoarterial (VA) ECMO, oxygenated blood (red line) is returned to arterial circulation. Conversely, in venovenous (VV) ECMO the return is made to the venous system (reproduced with permission from Elsevier).