|
Nonviral vectors | Materials | Systems | Genes | Release profiles | Efficacy | Targets | References |
|
Naked DNA | PLGA | Injectable implant | luc | Sustained release for 2 months | Sustained expression, tolerance in vivo | CV1 cells, s.c. injection (mouse) | [66] |
pNIPAAm | pNIPAAm-co-AAc nanogel | luc | Not reported | Effective internalization | hMSCs | [67] |
| | GFP | | | s.c. injection (mouse) | |
|
Lipoplexes | PEG | Hydrogel modified with affinity peptides | luc | ~59%, 75%, and 80% in K8, K4, and RGD hydrogels for 6 days | 5- to 15-fold increased transfection with K8 and K4 hydrogels | HT1080 cells | [68] |
| GFP, luc | | |
Fibrin | Microspheres in fibrin gel | eNOS | 100% release by 24 h from fibrin gels, slower release with microspheres | Enhanced angiogenesis | Ear ulcer model (rabbit) | [69] |
|
Polyplexes | PEG | OPF porous scaffold | SOX trio | Not reported | Combination of RUNX2 and SOX trio DNA improved healing relative to empty hydrogels | Osteochondral defect (rat) | [41] |
| | RUNX2 | | | |
| | SEAP | Not free diffusion of polyplexes in hydrogel | Reduced polyplexes aggregation, effective gene transfer | NIH 3T3 cells, chorionic chick embryo | [70] |
| Hydrogel with nanosized micelles | luc | Not reported | Higher transfection efficiency in the presence of micelles | hMSCs | [71] |
Fibrin | | lacZ | <1% released at 3 days | Effective gene transfer | Chorionic chick embryo | [72] |
| | VEGF | | | | |
| | SEAP | Not free diffusion of polyplexes in hydrogel | Reduced polyplexes aggregation, effective gene transfer | NIH 3T3 cells, chorionic chick embryo | [70] |
HA | Porous HA hydrogel | Gluc | Sustained release for 14 days in the presence of collagenase I treatment (<25% release) | Reduced aggregation of polyplexes | HEK293T cell | [73] |
| | SEAP | | | |
| Fibrin hydrogel | lacZ | <1% released at 3 days | Effective gene transfer | Chorionic chick embryo | [72] |
| | VEGF | | | | |
| Microporous HA hydrogel | Gluc | Controlled release for 10 days | Sustained transgene expression for up to 10 days | mMSCs | [74] |
| MMP-degradable HA hydrogel | Gluc | Stiffer hydrogels resulted in lower release rates in buffer, collagenase I, and hyaluronidase | Higher N/P ratios lead to higher gene transfer efficiency but also higher toxicity | mMSCs | [75] |
| | SEAP | Not free diffusion of polyplexes in hydrogel | Reduced polyplexes aggregation, effective gene transfer | NIH 3T3 cells, chorionic chick embryo | [70] |
|