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| Viral vectors | Materials | Systems | Genes | Release profiles | Efficacy | Targets | References |
|
| Adenoviral | Collagen | IgG complexation in collagen gel | GFP | Controlled release | 70% transduction at day 1, decreasing thereafter | Rat aortic smooth muscle cells | [92] |
| | | GFP | Slow release | Bioactivity decreased | Fibroblasts | [93] |
| Fibrin | | GFP | Slow release | Half-maximal activity at 45 h | Fibroblasts, i.m. injection (mouse) | [93] |
| | | BMP-7 | | Bone formation at 4 weeks | |
| | | lacZ | Sustained release for 192 h | Enhanced bioactivity | Fibroblasts | [94] |
|
| Lentiviral | Fibrin | Hydrogel complexed with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles | | Initial burst of release (40% at 4 h), controlled released for 6 days (75%) | Expression reduced in the presence of HA, decline between days 9 and 35 | HEK293T cells, s.c. injection (mouse) | [95] |
|
| rAAV | Fibrin | FG | GFP | Biphasic higher release at low fibrin concentration (100% released at 2 weeks) | High efficiency at low FG concentration, decline after 8 days | hMSCs | [29] |
| | | TGF-β1 | | |
| RAD-16-I | Self-assembling peptide hydrogel pure or combined with HA | RFP | Faster release at high peptide concentration (0.4%), complete release at 6–10 days except for RAD spheres at 0.4% with 90% of release only after 21 days | 80% transduction efficiency with spheres at 0.4%, time-course decline of expression | hMSCs | [37] |
| | lacZ | | |
| Alginate | Alginate/poloxamer composite systems cross-linked at room temperature (AlgPH155+PF127 [C]) or high temperature (AlgPH155+PF127 [H]) | lacZ | (AlgPH155+PF127 [C]) led to the most controlled release profile | Higher transduction efficiency with AlgPH155+PF127 [H] | hMSCs | [22] |
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