Therapeutic Strategies in HCC: Radiation Modalities

Table 3

Summary of recent clinical trials considering radiation-based therapies (internal and external) for HCC.

Reference	Year	Therapy	Findings
[75]	1988	^131I Lipiodol	50% tumor size reduction, response rate 60%
[77]	1991	^131I Lipiodol	Response rate 88.9%–25% according to tumor size
[83]	1992	^131I Lipiodol	Decrease of pain in 33%–66%
[93]	1997	^131I Lipiodol versus TACE	^131I Lipiodol and TACE equally effective
[95]	2001	^90Y microspheres plus CHx versus CHx alone	Tumor response 44% combined therapy versus 17.6% CHx alone
[94]	2002	^131I Lipiodol plus cisplatin	Response rate 90% combined therapy versus 40%  ^131I Lipiodol alone
[91]	2005	RTx	Tumor response 66.1%
[98]	2005	RTx plus floxuridine	Improved survival in patients with unresectable intrahepatic malignancies
[82]	2005	^131I Lipiodol	Response rate 17%–92%
[87]	2006	^90Y microspheres	Disease control rate 100% and response rate 23.8%
[92]	2006	RTx	Response rate 92% in patients with small-size HCC
[39]	2008	^188Re Lipiodol	objective response rate 25%; 2-year survival 23%
[85]	2012	^90Y microspheres	Favourable median survival time
[19]	2013	^131I Lipiodol	Survival benefit; 32% of treated versus 8% of untreated pts
[99]	2014	^90Y microspheres plus sorafenib	Potential efficacy and manageable toxicity
[86]	2015	^90Y microspheres	Safe and effective in both intermediate- and advanced stage
[96]	2015	^90Y microspheres versus TACE	No significant differences in PFS, OS, and TTP
[100]	2015	^90Y microspheres plus sorafenib	^90Y microspheres plus sorafenib well-tolerated as sorafenib alone
[88]	2016	^90Y microspheres versus sorafenib	^90Y microspheres more effective than sorafenib in patients with PVT

Radionuclides administration by transarterial approach. TACE: transarterial chemoembolization. CHx: chemotherapy. PFS: progression free survival. OS: overall survival. TTP: time to progression. PVT: portal vein thrombosis. RTx: external radiotherapy including conformal radiation techniques.