Exposure to p,p′-DDE Induces Morphological Changes and Activation of the PKCα-p38-C/EBPβ Pathway in Human Promyelocytic HL-60 Cells

Figure 2

Morphological changes in HL-60 cells induced by p,p′-DDE exposure for 120 h. Representative images of cells with morphological changes (arrows) as evaluated by Wright staining; morphological changes were characterized by a decreased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and an irregular nuclear shape. (a) Control cells, (b) cells exposed to 0.019 μg/mL p,p′-DDE, (c) cells exposed to 0.19 μg/mL p,p′-DDE, and (d) cells exposed to 1.9 μg/mL p,p′-DDE. (e) The fraction of cells with morphological changes per 100 live cells after 120 h of treatment. Data from three independent experiments are expressed as the mean ± SEM. indicates differences from the control group. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.

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