Elderly and Nonelderly Use of a Dedicated Ambulance Corps’ Emergency Medical Services in Taiwan
Table 4
Comparison of emergency managements between the elderly and nonelderly in the transport calls.
Variables
Elderly
Nonelderly
Total
P
Respiratory managements
Nasal cannula
38 (13.8)
20 (4.0)
58 (7.5)
<0.001
Nonrebreathing mask
20 (7.2)
8 (1.6)
28 (3.6)
<0.001
Simple mask
15 (5.4)
17 (3.4)
32 (4.1)
0.158
Bag-valve-mask
8 (2.9)
8 (1.6)
16 (2.1)
0.192
Laryngeal mask airway
7 (2.5)
4 (0.8)
11 (1.4)
0.059
Venturi mask
2 (0.7)
2 (0.4)
4 (0.5)
0.337
Oral airway
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Nasal airway
0 (0)
5 (1.0)
5 (0.6)
0.101
Suction
0 (0)
1 (0.2)
1 (0.1)
0.307
Heimlich maneuver
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Trauma managements
Irrigation
48 (17.4)
188 (37.7)
236 (30.5)
<0.001
Compression of bleeding
37 (13.4)
162 (32.5)
199 (25.7)
<0.001
Long-board
17 (6.2)
40 (8.0)
57 (7.4)
0.261
Neck collar
13 (4.7)
36 (7.2)
49 (6.3)
0.161
Splint
8 (2.9)
16 (3.2)
24 (3.1)
0.394
KED
3 (1.1)
1 (0.2)
4 (0.5)
0.103
Other managements
Elevation of head or leg
142 (51.4)
107 (21.4)
249 (32.1)
<0.001
Warming
95 (34.4)
68 (13.6)
163 (21.0)
<0.001
Monitoring vital signs
31 (11.2)
113 (22.6)
144 (18.6)
<0.001
Psychological support
19 (6.9)
62 (12.4)
81 (10.5)
0.023
Assist delivery
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
EMT
8 (2.9)
4 (0.8)
12 (1.5)
0.031
AED use
7 (2.5)
6 (1.2)
13 (1.7)
0.154
Bystander
1 (0.4)
3 (0.6)
4 (0.5)
0.367
Shock
1 (0.4)
1 (0.2)
2 (0.3)
0.369
Drug managements
Intravenous fluid
18 (6.5)
6 (1.2)
24 (3.1)
<0.001
Oral glucose solution
11 (4.0)
3 (0.6)
14 (1.8)
0.001
Nitroglycerine pill
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Bronchodilator
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Medical director online
50% glucose water
14 (5.1)
1 (0.2)
15 (1.9)
<0.001
Albuterol (Ventolin)
1 (0.4)
2 (0.4)
3 (0.4)
0.403
Epinephrine
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Atropine
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Nitroglycerine
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
NA
Data are number (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD). NA: not applicable; KED: Kendrick Extrication Device; EMT: emergency medical technician; AED: automatic electrical device.
