Obstructive Form of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradient: Novel Methods of Provocation, Monitoring of Biomarkers, and Recent Advances in the Treatment

Figure 1

Probable timeline displaying major events concerning the history of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Point 1: first description of obstructive HCM by Brock. Point 2: Morrow and Braunwald (1959) and Braunwald et al. (1960): all patients were defined as obstructive HCM by systolic murmur in auscultation and LVOT gradient in invasive catheterization. Point 3: Braunwald et al.  (1962, 1963), description of first HCM patient without obstruction. Point 4: first echocardiographic image of SAM by Shah et al. Point 5: echocardiographic description of asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy by Henry et al. Point 6: description of using of DDD pacing. Point 7: description of intervention defined as alcohol septal ablation. Point 8: publication by Maron et al. describing exercise test for LVOT gradient provocation.