| | Type | Cause |
| | Adaptive (with reduced renal mass) | Oligomeganephronia, vesicoureteral reflux, low birth weight, unilateral renal agenesis, surgical renal ablation, chronic renal allograft nephropathy |
| | Adaptive (with normal renal mass) | Systemic hypertension, obesity, increased lean body mass, renal vasoocclusive disease, cyanotic congenital heart disease, sickle cell anemia |
| | Drug-induced | Heroin, pamidronate, interferon, lithium, sirolimus |
| | Genetic | NPHS1, NPHS2, INF2, TRPC6, ACTN4, APOL1 |
| | Virus-associated | HIV-1, parvovirus B19, EBV, CMV |
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