Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging in MRI and CT: Theoretical Models and Current Implementation

Table 1

Tracer kinetic model formulation.

Model	Output parameters	Impulse response function (IRF)
Distributed parameter	, PS, , , ,	Not available in time domain
Tissue homogeneity	, , , ,
Adiabatic approximation of tissue homogeneity	, E, , , (assuming )	See Figure 5(a)
2-compartment	, PS, ,	See Figure 5(b)
1-compartment (Extended Toft’s)	, ,	See Figure 5(c)
1-compartment (Toft’s)	, (assuming )	See Figure 5(d)
Fermi	, , (in extravasating contrast agent, only is of physiological value)	See Figure 5(e)
Model-independent deconvolution	(estimated as initial IRF magnitude)	No specific formulation

: perfusion rate.
PS: extracellular extravascular space (EES) exchange rate.
: capillary mean transit time.
: EES mean transit time.
: EES volume fraction.
: intravascular plasma volume fraction.
: compound transfer constant (perfusion and EES exchange).
: venous clearance rate for intravascular contrast agent.