Applications of Chondrocyte-Based Cartilage Engineering: An Overview
Table 2
Differences of autologous transplantation/implantation generations.
First generation
Second generation
Third generation
Description
Autologous chondrocyte suspension with periosteum
Autologous chondrocyte suspension with collagen membrane
Autologous chondrocyte suspension in biomaterials
Cells source/delivery procedure
Carticel, periosteum patch ChondroCelect, characterized chondrocyte implantation (expanded population of chondrocytes that expresses a marker profile predictive of the capacity to form stable hyaline-like cartilage in vivo)
Chondro-Gide Bilayer membrane
MACI®, CaReS®, Tissucol®, NeoCart type I/III collagen, fibrin glue, type I/III collagen bilayer, BioSeed® C, esterified derivative of hyaluronate Hyalograft® C, fibrin glue + polymer-based scaffold of polyglycolic/polylactic acid and polydioxanone collagen type I gel seeded with autologous chondrocyte directly after isolation