MediterrAsian Diet Products That Could Raise HDL-Cholesterol: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Bergamot.

First author, year [ref]	Number of participants; (M-F)	Age, y	Inclusion criteria	Dietary supplement		Duration (wk)	Mean or median baseline HDL-C (mmol/L)	Mean post-HDL-C (mmol/L)	Δ change; (within groups); ( value)	MDΔ; (between groups); ( value)	Study design; (level of evidence)
				Intervention	Control
Gliozzi, 2013 [45]	77; (NR-NR)	—	Mixed hypercholesterolemia, LDL-C levels of >4.14 mmol/L, and TG > 2.54 mmol/L	BPF: 1000 mg; Patients: 15	Group A; Rosuvastatin: 10 mg; Patients: 16; Group B; Rosuvastatin: 20 mg; Patients: 16; Group C; BPF: 1000 mg + Rosuvastatin: 10 mg; Patients: 15; Group D Placebo; Patients: 15	4	NR	I: C: Group A; Group B; Group C; Group D	NR	I-C(A): NR (); I-C(B): NR (); I-C(C): NR (); I-C(D): NR ()	Prospective, open label, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study; (Level 3)
Mollace, 2011 [46]	237; (NR-NR)	—	Group A (A1, A2, APLacebo); Hypercholesterolemia, HC cLDL levels ≥ 3.36 mmol/L; Group B (B1, B2, BPLacebo); Hyperlipidemia; (hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, HC/HT); Group C (C1, C2, CPLacebo); Hyperlipidemia and glycemia over 110 mg/dL, HC/HT/HG; Group D or “poststatin.”; Simvastatin therapy stopped due to muscular pain and a significant elevation of serum creatine-phosphokinase (CPK)	Group A1; BPF: 500 mg; Patients: 35; Group A2; BPF: 1000 mg; Patients: 37; Group B1; BPF: 500 mg; Patients: 14; Group B2; BPF: 1000 mg Patients: 14; Group C1; BPF: 500 mg; Patients: 20; Group C2; BPF: 1000 mg; Patients: 19; Group D: BPF: 1500 mg; Patients: 32	Placebo (APL + BPL + CPL); Patients: 59	4	NR	NR	NR	I(C1)-C: NR (); I(C2)-C: NR (); I(C2)-I(C1): NR ()	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; (Level 2)

MDΔ: mean difference Δ change.
I: intervention; C: control.
: value; NS: not significant (); NR: not recorded; NE: not expected.
As suggested by Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine [29].