MediterrAsian Diet Products That Could Raise HDL-Cholesterol: A Systematic Review

Table 4

Artichoke.

First author, year [ref]	Number of participants; (M-F)	Age (y)	Inclusion criteria	Dietary supplement		Duration (wk)	Mean or median baseline HDL-C (mmol/L)	Mean post-HDL-C (mmol/L)	Δ change; (within groups); ( value)	MDΔ; (between groups); ( value)	Study design; (level of evidence)
				Intervention	Control
Rondanelli, 2014 [47]	92; (41-51)		Mild hypercholesterolaemia (5.4–7.0 mmol/L)	LE: 0.5 g/die; Patients: 46	Placebo; Patients: 46	8	I: C:	NR	I: +0.207; (); C: +0.005; ( = NS)	+0.202; ()	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; (Level 2)
Bundy, 2008 [48]	75; (27-48)	57.5; (SD NR)	Age over 50 years and BMI range of 20–25 kg/m^2	LE: 1.28 g/die; Patients: 35	Placebo; Patients: 38	12	I: C:	I: C:	I: −0.01; ( = NS); C: +0.01; ( = NS)	−0.02; ( = NR)	Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial; (Level 2)
Nazni, 2006 [49]	30; (NR-NR)	40; (SD NR)	Diabetic type 2 with no insulin therapy	LE: 6 g/die; Patients: 15	Placebo; Patients: 15	12	I: C:	I: C:	I: 0.23; (); C: +0.01; ( = NS)	0.22; ( = NR)	Placebo-controlled trial; (Level 3)
Rondanelli, 2013 [50]	55; (25-30)		BMI from 25 to 35 kg/m^2 with IFG (6.1–7.0 mmol/L), glycosylated haemoglobin < 7.0%, and no history of CVD	FBE: 0.6 g/die; Patients: 26	Placebo; Patients: 29	8	I: C:	NR	I: +0.00; ( = NS); C: −0.04; ( = NS)	0.04; ( = NS)	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; (Level 2)
Englisch, 2000 [51]	143; (47-96)	51.9; (SD NR)	Age between 18 and 70 years with TC > 7.3 mmol/L	DE: 1.8 g/die; Patients: 72	Placebo; Patients: 71	6	I: C:	I: C:	I: −0.04; ( = NR); C: +0.01; ( = NR)	−0.05; ( = NS)	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial; (Level 2)

MDΔ: mean difference Δ change.
I: intervention; C: control.
: value; NS: not significant (); NR: not recorded; NE: not expected.
LE: leaf extract.
FBE: flowering bud leaf extract.
DE: dry extract.
As suggested by Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine [29].