MicroRNAs in Coronary Heart Disease: Ready to Enter the Clinical Arena?

Table 1

Selected studies on circulating microRNAs with prognostic implications after acute myocardial infarction. ACS: acute coronary syndrome; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CAD: coronary artery disease; CV: cardiovascular; HF: heart failure; hsTnT: high-sensitivity troponin T; MACE: major adverse cardiac event.

Dysregulated miRNAs	Prognosis	Specimen	Normalization	Study population	Follow-up	References
miR-132, miR-140-3p, miR-210	Predicted CV in ACS patients	Serum	C. elegans miR-39	430 ACS patients + 682 stable CAD patients	4 years	Karakas et al. 2016 [34]
miR-208b	Predicted 30-day mortality with moderate accuracy	Plasma	C. elegans miRs	1155 chest pain patients	2 years	Devaux et al. 2015 [29]
miR-145 on day 5	Predictive of MACE and CV death within 1 year after AMI	Serum	miR-16	246 STEMI patients	1 year	Dong et al. 2015 [64]
miR- 208b, miR-499	Nonsignificant predictors	Plasma	C. elegans miRs	510 AMI patients (113 NSTEMI, 397 STEMI)	2–6 years	Goretti et al. 2013 [35]
miR-155, miR-380	Predictive for cardiac death 1 year after AMI	Serum	—	26 patients who died of CV death within 1 year after AMI + 28 event-free AMI patients	1 year	Matsumoto et al. 2012 [32]
miR-133a, miR-208b	miR-133a and miR-; 208b levels were significantly associated with the risk of death and lost their independent association with outcome upon further adjustment for hsTnT	Plasma	C. elegans cel-miR-54	444 ACS patients	6 months	Widera et al. 2011 [31]
miR-208b, miR-499-5p	Equal to TnT for prognostic 30-day death after AMI	Plasma	miR-17	424 ACS patients	30 days	Gidlöf et al. 2013 [33]
miR-652	Predictive of readmission to the hospital for heart failure within 5 years	Plasma	Synthetic UniSp4 and cDNA synthesis UniSp6	235 ACS patients + 116 healthy controls	5 years	Pilbrowa et al. 2014 [65]
miR-133a	Associated with decreased myocardial salvage, larger infarcts, and more pronounced reperfusion injury but failed to prevent events	Serum	C. elegans miR-39	216 STEMI patients	6 months	Eitel et al. 2012 [66]
miR-192, miR-194, miR-34a	Elevated by the early days after AMI in patients who experienced HF	Serum	U6 snRNA	21 AMI patients who developed HF within 1 year after AMI + 65 event-free AMI controls	1 year	Matsumoto et al. 2013 [36]