Risk Factors and Treatment for Hemorrhage after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Case Series of 423 Patients

Table 1

Univariate analyses of preoperative factors for early and late PPH.

Variables	Early PPH ()	No PPH ()		Late PPH ()	No PPH ()
Preoperative serum bilirubin (μmol/L)			0.071			0.394
>171	9	83		6	83
≤171	14	298		13	298
PBD			0.738			0.717
Yes	4	24		2	24
No	7	53		7	53
Previous abdominal surgery			0.001			<0.001
Yes	10	59		9	59
No	13	322		10	322
Worst preoperative albumin levels			0.001			0.002
Low (<30 g/L)	11	64		8	64
Normal (>30 g/L)	12	317		11	317

PPH: postpancreatectomy hemorrhage; PBD: pancreaticobiliary diversion.