Risk Factors and Treatment for Hemorrhage after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Case Series of 423 Patients

Table 4

Multivariate analysis of risk factors of late PPH.

Variables		OR	95% CI
			Upper	Lower
Preoperative pancreatic leakage	0.005	4.696	1.605	13.740
Postoperative bile leakage	0.009	6.096	1.575	23.598
Postoperative abdominal infection	0.036	4.605	1.108	19.144
Vascular reconstruction	0.007	9.943	1.900	52.042
Past history of abdominal surgery	<0.001	8.790	2.779	27.806
Preoperative albumin level	0.002	5.563	1.845	16.776

PPH: postpancreatectomy hemorrhage; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.