Effects of Physical Activity Programs on the Improvement of Dementia Symptom: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Characteristics of included trials.

Study	Type of intervention		Primary/secondary outcome	Items of intervention	Frequency	Duration (h)
Cheng et al. [8]	Special physical activity	12	Psychology state/GDS	Mahjong, Tai Chi	3 (60 min)	24
Eggermont et al. [2]	Special physical activity	30	Cognitive function/Wechsler Memory Scale revised, RBMT, Eight-Word Test (recognition)	Hand movements	5 (30 min)	6
			Psychology state/GDS and SCL Anxiety
Kwak et al. [16]	Combined exercise	15	Daily activities	Stretching, thera-band, swiss ball, wall bar, dumb bell	5 (60 min)	6
			Physical capacity/cardiopulmonary function (m), muscle strength (kg W), muscular endurance (time), flexibility (cm), balance (s), agility (s)]
			Cognitive function/MMSE
Rolland et al. [17]	Walking with combined exercise	56	Activities of daily living	Collective exercise program (walk, strength, balance, and flexibility training)	2 (60 min)	48
			Physical capacity/(6 min walk speed (m/s), Get up and go (test score)
			Psychology state (NPI, MADRS)
Sung et al. [18]	Special physical activity	18	Psychology state (occurrence of agitated behavior)	Music with movement intervention	2 (30 min)	4
Venturelli et al. [1]	Walking	11	Physical capacity/6 min walk (m)	Walked up and down hallway	4 (30 min)	24
			Activities of daily living/Barthel, cognitive function/MMSE
Vreugdenhil et al. [19]	Walking with combined exercise	20	Cognitive function/MMSE, ADAS-Cog	Community-based home exercise program [brisk walking (30 min), strength, balance training] + usual treatment	7 (30 min)	16
			Physical capacity/functional reach test (cm), Time Up and Go (s), sit to stand (number), waist/hip ratio, body mass index (kg/m^2)
			Abilities of daily living/Barthel index of ADL, Instrumental ADL
			Psychology state/GDS
Yágüez et al. (2011) [20]	Combined exercise	15	Cognitive function/CANTAB-Expedio	The Brain Gym training (activate balance, stretching, circular movements)	1 (90 min)	6
Eggermont et al. [4]	Walking	51	Cognitive function/Wechsler Memory Scale, RBMT	Walking at a self-selected speed	5 (30 min)	6

GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale, RBMT: Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, SCL Anxiety: Symptom Check List, ADL: activities of daily living disability score, NPI: Neuropsychiatric Inventory, MADRS: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, ADAS-Cog: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, CANTAB: The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.