Review Article

Cognitive Changes following Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Table 4

Meta-analysis results, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias of cognitive outcome.

Effect size statisticMean ± sd
(fixed-effect model)
Mean ± sd (randomized-effect model)Bgger’s test
-valueP

MMSE00.06 (−0.23, 0.36)0.06 (−0.23, 0.36)0.340.734
MDRS 0−0.21 (−0.42, −0.01)−0.21 (−0.42, −0.01)1.220.221
Digit span backward0−0.14 (−0.33, 0.05)−0.14 (−0.33, 0.05)−0.341.000
Pair associate learning0−0.69 (−2.01, 0.63)−0.69 (−2.01, 0.63)
RAVLT-total0−2.06 (−4.06, −0.06)−2.06 (−4.06, −0.06)−0.290.801
RAVLT-delayed recall0−1.41 (−2.23, −0.58)−1.41 (−2.23, −0.58)−2.070.287
Phonemic fluency6%−0.49 (−0.66, −0.31)−0.48 (−0.67, −0.30)0.750.452
Semantic fluency0−0.39 (−0.63, −0.15)−0.39 (−0.63, −0.15)1.020.308
Stroop Color Word75%−0.23 (−0.39, −0.06)−0.20 (−0.55, 0.15)1.130.260
Boston naming00.02 (−0.21, 0.26)0.02 (−0.21, 0.26)1.040.296
Raven’s color matrices0−0.15 (−0.56, 0.25)−0.15 (−0.56, 0.25)0.001.000
Trail Making a00.03 (−0.17, 0.22)0.03 (−0.17, 0.22)0.340.734
Trail Making b92%0.08 (−0.10, 0.27)−0.39 (−1.15, 0.38)2.630.009