Cilostazol Improves Proangiogenesis Functions in Human Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells through the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor System and Hybrid Therapy Provides a Synergistic Effect In Vivo

Figure 7

In vivo inhibition of SDF-1α in mice with hindlimb ischemia. (a) Representative images of laser Doppler perfusion flow in hindlimbs of mice (indicated by arrows). Cilostazol and hybrid therapy with cilostazol and EPCs both accelerated flow recovery 21 days and 28 days after surgery, whereas EPC transplantation alone did not have a significant effect (a, b). (c) Representative photos of capillaries in the leg muscles visualized by anti-CD31 immunostaining (red) and nuclei counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Capillary density was significantly higher in cilostazol-, and, notably, combined EPCs and cilostazol-treated mice (d). and , significantly different compared with vehicle-treated mice. EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)