Clinical Study
Pathological Predictors of Shunt Stenosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Table 1
Demographics and clinical and pathological characteristics of patients undergoing TIPS.
| | Variable | Overall | Stenosis () | Nonstenosis () | value | HE () | Non-HE () | value |
| | Age (mean ± SD, years) | | | | 0.747 | | | 0.661 | | MELD score | | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | Bilirubin (μmol/L) | | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | | | | 0.264 | | | 0.546 | | INR | | | | 0.864 | | | 0.901 | | Blood ammonia | | | | 0.929 | | | 0.035 | | ALT (U/L) | | | | 0.852 | | | 0.047 | | AST (U/L) | | | | 0.358 | | | 0.217 | | PVP pre-TIPS | | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | PVP post-TIPS | | | | 0.130 | | | <0.001 | | PVP reduction | | | | 0.001 | | | <0.001 | | Gender | | | | | | | | | Male (n/%) | 237 (65.7) | 24 (60.0) | 213 (66.4) | 0.425 | 54 (62.8) | 183 (66.5) | 0.552 | | Female (n/%) | 124 (34.3) | 16 (40.0) | 108 (33.6) | | 32 (37.2) | 92 (33.5) | | | Inflammation grading | | | | | | | | | G1-G2 | 235 (65.1) | 17 (42.5) | 218 (67.9) | 0.001 | 41 (47.4) | 194 (70.5) | <0.001 | | G3-G4 | 126 (34.9) | 23 (57.5) | 103 (32.1) | | 45 (52.3) | 81 (29.5) | | | Fibrosis staging | | | | | | | | | S1-S2 | 120 (33.2) | 8 (20.0) | 112 (34.9) | 0.074 | 17 (19.8) | 103 (37.5) | 0.002 | | S3-S4 | 241 (66.8) | 32 (80.0) | 209 (65.1) | | 69 (80.2) | 172 (62.5) | | | HE occurrence | | | | | Shunt restenosis occurrence | | Y | 86 (23.8) | 24 (60.0) | 62 (19.3) | <0.001 | 24 (27.9) | 16 (5.8) | <0.001 | | N | 275 (76.2) | 16 (40.0) | 259 (80.7) | | 62 (72.1) | 259 (94.2) | | | Indication of TIPS | | | | | | | | | Gastric variceal bleeding | 301 (83.4) | 35 (87.5) | 266 (82.9) | 0.865 | 74 (86.0) | 227 (82.5) | 0.785 | | Refractory ascites | 43 (11.9) | 4 (10.0) | 39 (12.1) | | 8 (9.3) | 25 (12.7) | | | Both symptoms | 17 (4.7) | 1 (2.5) | 16 (5.0) | | 4 (4.7) | 13 (4.8) | | | Child-Pugh classification | | | | | | | | | A | 207 (57.3) | 18 (45.0) | 189 (58.9) | 0.164 | 50 (58.7) | 157 (57.1) | 0.875 | | B | 93 (25.8) | 15 (37.5) | 78 (24.3) | | 23 (26.7) | 70 (25.5) | | | C | 61 (16.9) | 7 (17.5) | 54 (16.8) | | 13 (15.1) | 48 (17.5) | | | Number of stents | | | | | | | | | 1 | 270 (74.8) | 30 (75.0) | 240 (74.8) | 0.974 | 61 (70.9) | 209 (76.0) | 0.345 | | 2 | 91 (25.2) | 10 (25.0) | 81 (25.2) | | 25 (29.1) | 66 (24.0) | | | Diameter of stent (mm) | | | | | | | | | 8 | 298 (82.5) | 32 (80.0) | 266 (82.9) | 0.660 | 74 (86.0) | 224 (81.5) | 0.327 | | 10 | 63 (17.5) | 8 (20.0) | 55 (17.1) | | 12 (14.0) | 51 (18.5) | |
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TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; INR: international normalized ratio; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; PVP: portal vein pressure; G: grading; S: staging; HE: hepatic encephalopathy.
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