In Vitro Antimicrobial Bioassays, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, and FTIR Spectroscopy Analysis of Heliotropium bacciferum

Table 10

Growth Inhibition on bioautographic TLC plates by Heliotropium bacciferum leaves, flowers, and stem extracts against different bacterial strains.

Plant parts	Bacterial species	Solvent system	Extracts	values	Inhibition	Active bands
Leaves	Escherichia coli	EMW	Methanol	0.62, 0.85	+++	2
			n-Hexane	0.24	+	1
			Chloroform	0.76	++	1
			Ethyl acetate	0.93	++	1
			n-Butanol	0.35, 0.54	+	2
			Aqueous	−	−	−
	Staphylococcus aureus	CEF	Methanol	0.89	+++	1
			n-Hexane	0.52	++	1
			Chloroform	0.55	+	1
			Ethyl acetate	0.76	++	1
			n-Butanol	−	−	−
			Aqueous	0.23, 0.31	+	2
	Bacillus cereus	BEA	Methanol	0.52	++	1
			n-Hexane	0.47	+	1
			Chloroform	0.61	++	1
			Ethyl acetate	0.73	+++	1
			n-Butanol	0.49	+	1
			Aqueous	0.56	++	1
Flowers	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	EMW	Methanol	0.84	++	1
			n-Hexane	0.67	+++	1
			Chloroform	0.49	+	1
			Ethyl acetate	0.72, 0.64	+++	2
			n-Butanol	0.55	+	1
			Aqueous	0.39	+	1
	Klebsiella pneumoniae	CEF	Methanol	0.66	+	1
			n-Hexane	0.53, 0.43, 0.49	++	3
			Chloroform	0.71	++	1
			Ethyl acetate	0.48	+	1
			n-Butanol	0.67	++	1
			Aqueous	−	−	−
Stem	Proteus mirabilis	BEA	Methanol	0.84	+++	1
			n-Hexane	−	−	−
			Chloroform	0.58	++	1
			Ethyl acetate	0.70	+++	1
			n-Butanol	0.28, 0.32	+	2
			Aqueous	0.42	+	1
	Erwinia carotovora	EMW	Methanol	0.68	++	1
			n-Hexane	0.49	+	1
			Chloroform	0.72, 0.69	++	2
			Ethyl acetate	0.88	+++	1
			n-Butanol	0.41	+	1
			Aqueous	−	−	−

: retardation factor; −: inactive component; +: small inhibition; ++: moderate inhibition; and +++: high inhibition.