New Therapeutic Concept of NAD Redox Balance for Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity

Figure 3

Role of NAD⁺ and NAD⁺-dependent enzymes in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic mechanisms. Ctr1: copper transporter 1, OCT2: organic cation transporter 2, NOXs: NADPH oxidoreductases, Mt: mitochondria, ROS: reactive oxygen species, PFL: positive feedback loop, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, TLRs: toll-like receptors, HMGB1: high-mobility group box protein 1, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB, NQO1: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and PARPs: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases.