Transperitoneal Subcostal Access for Urologic Laparoscopy: Experience of a Large Chinese Center

Table 2

Review of Palmer’s point or the corresponding right point for initial access in laparoscopic surgeries.

Reference	Year	Number of cases	Success rate of; puncturing	Rate of; complication	Rate of conversion; to open operation
Childers et al. [3]	1993	41	97.6%, 40	2.4%	2.4%
Chang et al. [4]	1994	17	100%	0	17.6% (3), serious adhesion
Parker et al. [5]	1999	17	100%	0	0
Patsner [6]	1999	90	100%	2.2%	1.1%
Chung et al. [7]	2003	622	93%	8% (minor complications)	0
Tulikangas et al. [8]	2003	267	98.5%, 263	1.12%	0
Tüfek et al. [9]	2010	147	100%	0	0
Granata et al. [10]	2010	136	98.5%	0	0